从自恋到镜像
——从弗洛伊德到拉康
应用心理学
研究生：姜余 指导老师：霍大同 秦伟
本文从弗洛伊德的“自恋”概念出发，介绍了从“自恋”到拉康的“镜子阶段”的一系列发展过程。在厘清从弗洛伊德各个时期到及其后继者安娜•弗洛伊德、梅兰妮•克莱茵，再到拉康的理论框架中的一些关键概念：冲动、力比多、自我、认同、自我理想和理想自我、客体关系、好客体/坏客体、投射性认同、镜子阶段、想象界等的同时，本文尝试着回答这样的问题：弗洛伊德的自恋概念如何影响了和发展为拉康的“镜子阶段”概念？
主体投向自身的如同投向客体的爱的自恋，因为自我的“歧异性”的位置，让弗洛伊德走入了一个困境。弗洛伊德的后继者努力摆脱这个困境，而正是“镜子阶段”的引入，让拉康离开这个困境，并将精神分析引向一个新的理论发展层面：自恋，既是主体对自己身体意象的爱，也是从彼者的爱与关注出发的。
通过对从自恋到镜像的这个问题的疏理，帮助我们理解弗洛伊德的理论与实践，也帮助我们理解拉康对精神分析理论的发展。从而从一个侧面，帮助我们理解精神分析理论从经典到现代的转变。
关键词：精神分析 弗洛伊德 自恋 拉康 镜子阶段
From Narcissim to Mirror Stage
——From Freud to Lacan
Major : Applied Psychology
Grantuate : JIANG Yu Tutor : HUO Datong QIN Wei
Departing from the conception of « narcissism » of Sigmund Freud, this paper introduced a series of developpments from « narcissim » to Lacan’s « mirror stage ». On the base of dredging some key conceptions such as « drive », « Libido », « ego », « identification », « ego-ideal and ideal-ego », « relation of object », « good/ bad object », « projective identification », « mirror stage », « imaginaire »etc., from Freud to his successors Anna Freud, Melanie Klein to Lacan, this article try to answer this question : conception of « narcissime »of Freud how to influence and develop « mirror stage » of Lacan ?
Being the love which is cathexsised by the subject to himself as to the object, narcissim, because of ego’s ambiguous position, led Freud into a theoritical difficulty. The successors of Freud tried to find a solution, while the introduction of «mirror stage » made Lacan evading this difficulty and led psychoanalysis to a new theoritical level : narcissim, is not only the love which subject with the imago of his body but also the love and attention comes from the others’.
The rectifying the question which is from narcissim to reflection help us to master the theories and practices of Freud, and help to master Lacan’s contribution to the whole psychoanalysis. As well as we mastered the psychoanalysis’ changing from classic to modern.
Key words : Psychoanalysis Freud Narcissim Lacan Mirror stage
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